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Thing

A Schema.org Type
The most generic type of item.
PropertyExpected TypeDescription
Properties from Thing
additionalType Text  or
URL
An additional type for the item, typically used for adding more specific types from external vocabularies in microdata syntax. This is a relationship between something and a class that the thing is in. Typically the value is a URI-identified RDF class, and in this case corresponds to the use of rdf:type in RDF. Text values can be used sparingly, for cases where useful information can be added without their being an appropriate schema to reference. In the case of text values, the class label should follow the schema.org style guide.
alternateName Text An alias for the item.
description Text  or
TextObject
A description of the item.
disambiguatingDescription Text A sub property of description. A short description of the item used to disambiguate from other, similar items. Information from other properties (in particular, name) may be necessary for the description to be useful for disambiguation.
identifier PropertyValue  or
Text  or
URL
The identifier property represents any kind of identifier for any kind of Thing, such as ISBNs, GTIN codes, UUIDs etc. Schema.org provides dedicated properties for representing many of these, either as textual strings or as URL (URI) links. See background notes for more details.
image ImageObject  or
URL
An image of the item. This can be a URL or a fully described ImageObject.
mainEntityOfPage CreativeWork  or
URL
Indicates a page (or other CreativeWork) for which this thing is the main entity being described. See background notes for details.
Inverse property: mainEntity
name Text The name of the item.
potentialAction Action Indicates a potential Action, which describes an idealized action in which this thing would play an 'object' role.
sameAs URL URL of a reference Web page that unambiguously indicates the item's identity. E.g. the URL of the item's Wikipedia page, Wikidata entry, or official website.
subjectOf CreativeWork  or
Event
A CreativeWork or Event about this Thing.
Inverse property: about
url URL URL of the item.

Instances of Thing may appear as a value for the following properties
PropertyOn TypesDescription
about Certification  or
CommunicateAction  or
CreativeWork  or
Event
The subject matter of the content.
actionOption ChooseAction A sub property of object. The options subject to this action.
category ActionAccessSpecification  or
Invoice  or
Offer  or
PhysicalActivity  or
Product  or
Recommendation  or
Service  or
SpecialAnnouncement
A category for the item. Greater signs or slashes can be used to informally indicate a category hierarchy.
characterAttribute Game  or
VideoGameSeries
A piece of data that represents a particular aspect of a fictional character (skill, power, character points, advantage, disadvantage).
collection UpdateAction A sub property of object. The collection target of the action.
dataFeedElement DataFeed An item within a data feed. Data feeds may have many elements.
defaultValue PropertyValueSpecification The default value of the input. For properties that expect a literal, the default is a literal value, for properties that expect an object, it's an ID reference to one of the current values.
error Action For failed actions, more information on the cause of the failure.
gameItem Game  or
VideoGameSeries
An item is an object within the game world that can be collected by a player or, occasionally, a non-player character.
gamePlatform VideoGame  or
VideoGameSeries
The electronic systems used to play video games.
instrument Action The object that helped the agent perform the action. E.g. John wrote a book with a pen.
item DataFeedItem  or
ListItem
An entity represented by an entry in a list or data feed (e.g. an 'artist' in a list of 'artists').
itemListElement ItemList For itemListElement values, you can use simple strings (e.g. "Peter", "Paul", "Mary"), existing entities, or use ListItem.

Text values are best if the elements in the list are plain strings. Existing entities are best for a simple, unordered list of existing things in your data. ListItem is used with ordered lists when you want to provide additional context about the element in that list or when the same item might be in different places in different lists.

Note: The order of elements in your mark-up is not sufficient for indicating the order or elements. Use ListItem with a 'position' property in such cases.
itemReviewed AggregateRating  or
Review
The item that is being reviewed/rated.
knowsAbout Organization  or
Person
Of a Person, and less typically of an Organization, to indicate a topic that is known about - suggesting possible expertise but not implying it. We do not distinguish skill levels here, or relate this to educational content, events, objectives or JobPosting descriptions.
mainEntity CreativeWork Indicates the primary entity described in some page or other CreativeWork.
mentions CreativeWork Indicates that the CreativeWork contains a reference to, but is not necessarily about a concept.
object Action The object upon which the action is carried out, whose state is kept intact or changed. Also known as the semantic roles patient, affected or undergoer (which change their state) or theme (which doesn't). E.g. John read a book.
observationAbout Observation The observationAbout property identifies an entity, often a Place, associated with an Observation.
option ChooseAction A sub property of object. The options subject to this action.
produces Service The tangible thing generated by the service, e.g. a passport, permit, etc.
quest Game  or
VideoGameSeries
The task that a player-controlled character, or group of characters may complete in order to gain a reward.
replacee ReplaceAction A sub property of object. The object that is being replaced.
replacer ReplaceAction A sub property of object. The object that replaces.
requiredCollateral LoanOrCredit Assets required to secure loan or credit repayments. It may take form of third party pledge, goods, financial instruments (cash, securities, etc.)
reservationFor Reservation The thing -- flight, event, restaurant, etc. being reserved.
result Action The result produced in the action. E.g. John wrote a book.
serviceOutput Service The tangible thing generated by the service, e.g. a passport, permit, etc.
targetCollection UpdateAction A sub property of object. The collection target of the action.

More specific Types

Examples

Example 1
Copied
Example notes or example HTML without markup.
See JSON example.
Example encoded as JSON-LD in a HTML script tag.
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
  "@context": "https://schema.org/",
  "@type": "Thing",
  "name": "Schema.org Ontology",
  "subjectOf": {
    "@type": "Book",
    "name": "The Complete History of Schema.org"
  }
}
</script>
Structured representation of the JSON-LD example.